How does the body respond to extreme temperature conditions regarding energy expenditure?

The body responds to extreme temperature conditions by increasing energy expenditure, particularly in extreme cold or heat situations. When exposed to cold environments, the body generates additional heat through metabolic processes such as shivering thermogenesis, where the muscles contract to produce heat. This process requires the burning of calories, thereby increasing energy expenditure.

Conversely, in hot environments, the body may also increase energy expenditure as it works to maintain core temperature through processes like sweating and increased heart rate. The body expends energy to manage these cooling mechanisms, despite not generating heat as in cold conditions.

Overall, whether in heat or cold, the physiological responses to regulate body temperature lead to an increase in the energy the body expends, as it strives to maintain homeostasis and ensure proper functioning. This is why the correct answer reflects an increase in energy expenditure in response to extreme temperature conditions.