What is the effective sterilization cycle for infectious waste?

The effective sterilization cycle for infectious waste is achieved through the use of high-temperature steam under pressure, which is essential to ensure the destruction of all viable microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and spores. The correct answer specifies a temperature of 121 degrees Celsius (250 degrees Fahrenheit) for at least 90 minutes at a pressure of 15 PSI. This combination is optimal because:

1. Temperature: At 121 degrees Celsius, the steam reaches a point that effectively penetrates the waste materials and facilitates the denaturation of proteins and destruction of cell membranes, which is crucial for achieving sterilization.

2. Time: The requirement of at least 90 minutes ensures adequate exposure time for the steam to kill resistant organisms, providing a margin that accounts for variations in load size and composition that might impede steam penetration.

3. Pressure: The specified pressure of 15 PSI is necessary to exceed atmospheric pressure, allowing for the steam to reach higher temperatures, which contribute to effective sterilization.

This combination of factors makes this specific cycle appropriate for the sterilization of infectious waste, ensuring that it is handled in a manner that minimizes any risk of infection or contamination during disposal.